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Kapadokya
CAPPADOCİA
Cappadocia which is
unique in the world and is a miraculous nature wonder is the common name of the
field covered by the provinces of Aksaray,
Nevsehir, Nigde,
Kayseri and Kirsehir in the Central Anatolian region.
In the upper Myosen period in the Cappadocia region as a result
of the vulcanic eruptions occurred in Erciyes, Hasandag and Gulludag, in the
region was formed a large tableland from the vulcanic tufas and together with
the erosion of the Kizilirmak river and wind over ten thousands of years there
appeared the chimney rocks which are a wonder of the nature. In the old Bronze
Age the Cappadocia which was the population zone of the Assyrian civilization
later has hosted the Hittite, Frig, Pers, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman
civilizations. The first Christians escaped from the persecution of the Roman
Empire in the 2nd century B.C. came to the Cappadocia over the Antakya and
Kayseri and they have settled here. The first Christians finding the
underground cities from Cappadocia have been hidden in these underground cities
which gates were made in such way in which they couldn’t be easily observed and
they have escaped from the persecution of the Roman soldiers. Due that they had
live in the underground cities for long duration without being able to go out
they have developed these underground cities by making provisions rooms,
ventilation chimneys, wine production places, churches, abbeys, water wells,
toilets and meeting rooms.
In the prehistoric periods the first human settlements have
begun and the humans have constructed the underground cities in the volcanic
rocks in form of tufa due to protect themselves from the wild animals and they
lived for long times in these underground
cities.
There are so many underground cities on the Cappadocia area of Turkey but the
biggest is Derinkuyu
Underground City.
In these cities made in form of rooms connected
to each others some of the rooms were connected to each other only with the
tunnels tight and permitting passing of just a person. At the access gates of
these tunnels there were huge stone rollers used for closing the tunnels for
security reasons.